Lebanon: working for more reliable water supply

Lebanon is currently recovering from a deadly conflict that led to widespread displacement and the destruction of infrastructure in 2024, particularly in the South of the country and the Bekaa Valley. Although nicknamed “the water tower of the Middle East” because of its rich water resources, Lebanon has paradoxically been facing water supply problems for years. Outdated facilities, electricity shortages, and above all the financial crisis of 2019 have only made the situation worse. Lack of diesel fuel has also limited the ability of pumping stations to operate, making supply uncertain.

In 2023, UNICEF and AFD launched a rehabilitation project at 32 sites, with European Union funding. 

A crucial asset during the recent conflict

The project proved its significance during the conflict in late 2024. Installation of solar panels and modernization of pumping stations helped ensure a continuous supply of water. And as Jean Gebran, Director of the Beirut and Mount Lebanon Water Establishment (EBML) points out, the Naameh facility has made it possible to supply Beirut, which is overwhelmed with displaced people. Meanwhile, in North Bekaa, demand has tripled, but the rehabilitated infrastructure has met needs, reports Paula Hawi, Director of the Bekaa Water Establishment. These facilities are currently compensating for others that have suffered damage.

This initiative helps restore trust between the State and citizens. “When water gets to people, they regain trust and pay their water bills, because they see that the institutions are working,” says Gebran.

Three key facilities

• In Miniara, in the Akkar District, Project SEPAL has transformed everyday life. “We didn’t have a drop of water before,” says Mayor Rony Abboud. UNICEF drilled a well and built a 500-cubic-meter reservoir and solar panels. More than 20,000 people now have access to drinking water, and plastic pollution has decreased.
• In Bissarieh, 45 km south of Beirut, 20,000 people are supplied water from the Brak natural spring. “We had dreamt of having an independent source for 40 years,” says Mayor Nazih Eid. “Without water, there is no development, no life.”
• In Nina, in the Bekaa plain, installation of 168 solar panels has reduced the electricity bill of the pumping station threefold. “We used to have to pay for electricity. Now, we have seven free hours a day,” says Mayor Marwan Maalouf.

According to UNICEF, Project SEPAL is much more than rehabilitation: it improves water service, strengthens infrastructure resilience, and restores trust in public operators. By integrating sustainable solutions, it allows Lebanon to better face future water supply challenges.

The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of AFD and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Union.